为了确保废弃荧光灯管回收示范体系的正常运行，项目组专门设计了废荧光灯管回收与处置记录本。该记录本内容包括：废弃荧光灯管回收确认单、废荧光灯管收集箱记录单、废弃荧光灯管运输出车记录单。在运输过程中，采用密封箱体，箱体底部铺设载硫活性炭。运输采专业危废运输车辆，并配备经过培训考核后合格的危废车驾驶人员和押运员。车上应装有应急用防毒面具及硫磺粉，以及GPS定位、跟踪、监控系统。截至2015年9月已从示范小区与大型用户运输废荧光灯约3.5t，使用回收箱112个。

废旧荧光灯属于国家第29类危险废物（HW29），其体积较大，重量轻且容易发生破碎危险，所以运输成本较大。针对此种情况，项目团队通过对运输模式、路径和车辆的选择，优化运输示范方案，以降低运输成本。

 

(1)运输模式、路径与车辆

居民社区产生的废荧光灯，较为零散、单次产废量小。多数居民社区位于市中心（五坏内），周边的道路比较拥挤。所以针对小区，在使用废旧灯管回收箱的前提下，采用改装过的具有隔离驾驶室的轻型运输货车运输，对于运输的时间没有过多的要求，可随时运输。此运输方案可以降低运输成本，提高运输效率。目前采取的路线为从两处示范小区到处理公司的最短运输路线，如图1所示。

 
 
 
图1.金隅凤麟洲运输路线（上）与花家地西里洲运输路线（下）

Figure 1. Transport route from Jinyu Fenglin Zhou (above)and Huajiadi Xili (below)

大型用户，如大型公共建筑，产废量较大且集中。多数大型公建的周边路况对于危废运输车通行难度不大，但考虑到危废运输车只能在特定时间内（23时至次日6时）在五环路内通行。所以针对大型公建，在使用废旧灯管回收箱的前提下，使用危废运输车进行晚间运输。此方案对于产废量大产废集中的单位成本较低，且平均效率较高，但是对于运输时间有特殊的要求。针对大型用户的示范运输的最短路线如图2所示。

   

 

  图2.北京首都国际机场运输路线（上）与金隅大厦运输路线（下 )

Figure 2. Transport route from Beijing International Airport (above) and Jinyu Building (below)

(2)运输频率

示范小区的废荧光灯运输，是收集公司与回收示范社区物业公司合作开展的。待收集箱收满后，由物业公司人员通知收集处置公司对废荧光灯管进行收运。根据花家地西里的废荧光灯产生数量计算，运输频次为2次/月。如遇特殊情况，社区物业公司可与处理单位联系，进行运输。大型用户，如大型公共建筑，产废量较大且集中。当其批量更换荧光灯时，负责人员会通知处理公司前来收运废荧光灯。

 

(3) 针对运输过程中搬运工人的培训

2014年6月8日运输的72支废旧荧光灯在运输途中破碎3支运输，运输破碎率4.1％，占较大比，废旧荧光灯属于危险废弃物破碎后容易发生危险，对此北京项目组开展了关于运输过程中搬运工人的培训工作，2014年9月16日以及2015年3月25日的运输破碎率为0.3％，有明显的改变。
 

 

图3.具有隔离驾驶室的改装轻型运输车（上）与危险废物运输车（下）

Figure 3. A modified light truck with an isolated cab (above) and a special hazardous waste vehicle (below)

(4)运输方案优化

在随后3个月内，项目团队将考察运输道路类型、运输时间（拥堵时段或闲时）等来在破损率、所需的运输成本和时间等方面评估运输方案。产废量大的大型公建其位置基本位于郊区（五环外），影响实验结果的路线因素基本为进入五环道路前行驶的路线选择，即：高速或者普通道路。产废量小的居民社区基本位于市中心（五坏内），影响实验结果的路线因素基本为市区内环路或者普通道路。

 

In order to ensure the normal operation of the WFLs recycling scheme, Beijing team designed a minute book for recording the confirmations of WFLs picking up, collection container, vehicle transport record (time, route, fuel consumption) and human cost. In the process of transport, a sealed special container was used, which is equipped with sulfur powder at the bottom of the con-tainer. WFLs should be transported by special hazardous waste vehicles with 2 trained and licensed staff -1 driver and 1 supercargo. This vehicle should equipped with an emergency gas mask, sulfur powder and GPS position-ing, tracking and monitoring system.By the end of Sep. 2015, 112 yellow containers of 3.5 tons of WFLs had been transported from 2 pilot communities and 2 pilot group consumers.

WFLs are categorized as the HW29 mercury containing hazardous waste. Due to its large size, light weight and fragility, the cost of WFL transport is high. The project team explored the transport model, route, frequency and vehicles to optimize the transport scheme in demonstra-tion, aiming at a reduced cost for transport.

(1) Transport Model、Route and Vehicles

 

WFLs generation from households is of a small quantity and disperse scatteredly. Most residential communities locate within the five ring of Beijing which is surrounded by crowded roads and streets. After being collected in special container, WFLs were transportedby modified light trucks with an isolated cab from communities. This transport mod-el can lower the cost and raise the transport efficien-cy. By using modified light trucks, time for transport become flexible. The following shortest transport routes from each pilot community to the treatment company is used by far, see Fig.1.

Group consumers, like large public builings, usually generate a large quantity of WFLs during a particu-lar period of time. The roads surrounding most group consumers are not difficult for special hazard-ous waste vehicles to pass. However, special hazard-ous waste vehicles are only allowed to run within the five ring during 23p.m to 6 a.m..After being collect-ed in special container, WFLs were transported by special hazardous waste vehicles from pilot group consumers during demonstration. This transport model is cost efficient for large-scale WFL genera-tion consumers, but the time for transport is limited to 23p.m to 6 a.m.. The following shortest transport routes from each group consumer to the treatment company is used by far to lower the cost, see Fig.2.

(2) Transport Frequency

 

In pilot communities, the property management company assist the treatment company for WFL re-cycling. Once enough WFLs were collected in con-tainers, staff of the property management company would call the treatment company to pick up and transport these WFLs for treatment. According to the WFL generation quantity in Huajiadi Xili, the transport frequency is twice per month. If special cases like too many WFLs were collected in a short-er period, the property management company could make an extra call. Group consumers, like large pub-lic buildings, usually generate a large quantity of WFLs during a particular period of time. When a large sum of FLs were replaced in batch, the respon-sible staff would call the treatment company to pick up and then transport to the treatment site.

(3) Training for transport staff

On June 7th 2014, the 72 pieces of WFLs collected at the launch event of Huajiadi Xili were transported. During this transport, 3 pieces of WFL were broken, which makes the broken ratio to be 4.1%. By noticing this relatively high broken ratio, Beijing team conduct training on the transport staff. After the training, the bro-ken ration in another 2 demonstration transport is low-ered to 0.3% at Sep. 16th 2014 and March 25th, 2015. It shows that professional training for transport staff could lower the broken ratio to some extent.

(4) Transport Scheme Optimization

In the following 3 months, project team would further explore the influence of road type and transport time (rush hour or not) to evaluate the transport scheme by assessing broken ratio, transport cost, time needed. Most group consumers with a large scale of WFLs generation locate outside the five ring in Beijing. To choose highway or ordinary road in the transport route would impact the transport efficiency. As for household WFLs, choosing inner ring road or ordinary road in the transport route would impact the transport efficiency, for most resi-dential communities locate within the five ring.